Elephants and Tuna…
Recent years have seen remarkable recoveries for both Pacific bluefin tuna and African elephant populations, highlighting the impact of coordinated, science-driven conservation efforts. These successes offer hope and valuable lessons for global biodiversity management.
Pacific Bluefin Tuna: From Overfished to Sustainable Rebound
Background: Decades of overfishing had driven Pacific bluefin tuna populations to historic lows, with the species’ stock plummeting by over 96% from its peak.
Conservation Actions: Starting in 2011, international bodies like the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) implemented strict catch reductions, especially targeting juveniles to allow more fish to mature and reproduce.
Scientific Management: The International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean (ISC) provided critical stock assessments and guidance, enabling adaptive management2 3 .
Results:
By 2021, the population had surpassed the second rebuilding target, a full decade ahead of schedule.
As of 2022, the spawning stock reached 23.2% of its potential unfished level, exceeding the maximum sustainable yield for the first time.
The population is now considered “no longer overfished,” and harvest quotas have been cautiously increased to reflect the recovery while maintaining sustainability.
Key Takeaway: The rapid rebound of Pacific bluefin tuna demonstrates that well-coordinated, science-based international management can reverse even severe declines in marine species
African Elephants: Rebounding Herds Through Anti-Poaching and Protection
Background: African elephant populations, especially in Tanzania and southern Africa, suffered catastrophic declines due to poaching and habitat loss. Tanzania alone lost 60% of its elephants between 2009 and 2014.
Conservation Actions:
Tanzania established the Wildlife Management Authority in 2014, militarized anti-poaching operations, and cracked down on illegal ivory trade.
Expanded patrols, interdiction at ports, and collaboration with conservation groups were key strategies5 6 .
In southern Africa, connecting large protected areas with “buffer” zones has been vital, allowing elephant herds to move safely and maintain genetic diversity.
Results:
Tanzania’s elephant population grew by nearly 40% in five years, reaching over 60,000 animals by 2022.
Across southern Africa, elephant numbers rebounded to 290,000 as of 2020, matching levels from 25 years prior.
Some regions reported zero poaching deaths for extended periods, a testament to effective enforcement.
Wider Impact: Elephant recovery not only benefits biodiversity but also enhances ecosystem services, such as carbon capture. A restored elephant population could add billions in carbon sequestration value to African forests.
Key Takeaway: Strong anti-poaching measures, habitat connectivity, and sustained political will can rapidly reverse wildlife declines and secure long-term ecological and economic benefits.
Lessons and Significance
Proof of Possibility: Both stories show that even species on the brink can recover if science-based management, international cooperation, and strong enforcement are prioritized.
Broader Implications: These successes inspire hope for other threatened species and highlight the necessity of continued vigilance, adaptive management, and global collaboration.
Economic and Ecological Value: The recovery of elephants and tuna not only preserves biodiversity but also delivers tangible benefits—sustainable fisheries, tourism, and ecosystem services like carbon capture.
“Today’s IUCN Red List update is a powerful sign that, despite increasing pressures on our oceans, species can recover if states truly commit to sustainable practices.” — Dr. Bruno Oberle, IUCN Director General
Conclusion
The dogged conservation efforts for Pacific bluefin tuna and African elephants are bearing fruit, proving that determined, collaborative action can restore nature’s giants—both in the sea and on land. These recoveries serve as blueprints for future conservation triumphs.
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